primitives.object_

Module nu.forms.primitives.object_.

Object - the interface every term has.

The honest terminal for value-Form descent: genuinely-unknown or dynamically typed values live here. Every operation on an Object is absorbing - arithmetic, bitwise, subscript, and attribute access all yield another Object; comparison and logical ops yield Bool.

Object carries the arithmetic and comparison operators; the runtime type is unknown, so Python decides at evaluation time what each does. &, | and >> compose flows (Race, Parallel, Sequential) on an Object like on every term. The value versions are named methods that pass through to the value: bitand / bitor / bitxor / bitnot / lshift / rshift, and_ / or_ / not_, union / intersection / difference / symmetric_difference, merge.

Protocol dunders (__len__, __contains__, __bool__, __iter__) must return Python-native values and cannot be part of a Nu tree; the Nu base blocks them with a hint. They are exposed as named methods (len(), contains(), iter(), bool_()) that return the matching Form so the tree stays symbolic.

Every operation yields a new value; none changes the value in place. There is no subscript write or delete and no in-place merge: build the new value instead.

There is deliberately no __call__ here - Nu programs run through interactions (built via host or hand-written), not raw Python callable dispatch. If you have a callable value in a Nu tree, wrap it in the appropriate interaction.

Object

The interface every term has. Full operator surface, no promise about the runtime type.

Object()

Path nu.forms.Object. Kind ScalarQuery, sort scalar_query, cardinality scalar.

Arithmetic, bitwise, subscript, and attribute descent are all absorbing: the result of any of them is another Object, since the concrete type isn't known until evaluation. Comparison and logical operators are the exception - they still yield Bool, because "is this true" is a well-typed question even when the operand type isn't.

Notes

• Typed as TypedNu[Any], not TypedNu[object]. That lets an Object value slot into any narrow Arg position (IntArg, StrArg, ...), so intref + objval resolves through Int's __add__ and lands as Int instead of falling through to Object's __radd__.
• &, | and >> compose flows (Race, Parallel, Sequential) like on every term. Bit, set and merge operations are named methods (bitand, union, merge, ...).
• There's no __call__. A callable value in a Nu tree goes through an interaction (built via host or hand-written), not raw Python call dispatch.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(6) * nu.Object(7))[0]

42

Methods

a + b

Sum of self and other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The sum. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(2) + nu.Object(3))[0]

5

a - b

Self minus other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The difference. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(10) - nu.Object(3))[0]

7

a * b

Product of self and other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The product. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(6) * nu.Object(7))[0]

42

a @ b

Matrix multiplication: self @ other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The product. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when neither operand supports @.

Undocumented: example.

a / b

Self divided by other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The quotient. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the divisor is zero.

Notes

• A zero divisor is not caught here; the underlying Div raises at evaluation time.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(7) / nu.Object(2))[0]

3.5

a // b

Self floor-divided by other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The floored quotient. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the divisor is zero.

Notes

• Rounds toward negative infinity, as Python's // does.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(7) // nu.Object(2))[0]

3

a % b

Self modulo other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The remainder. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Notes

• The result's sign follows the divisor, as Python's % does.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(7) % nu.Object(3))[0]

1

a ** b

Self raised to the other power.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The power. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(2) ** nu.Object(10))[0]

1024

-a

Negation of self.

Builds Object.

Yields

The negation. EMPTY when self is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(-nu.Object(4))[0]

-4

+a

Self unchanged.

Builds Object.

Yields

The value unchanged. EMPTY when self is EMPTY.

Notes

• Identity for numbers. Kept for symmetry with __neg__ and so +x inside an expression is still a Nu term.

Example

nu.run(+nu.Object(-4))[0]

-4

abs(a)

Absolute value of self.

Builds Object.

Yields

The magnitude. EMPTY when self is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(abs(nu.Object(-4)))[0]

4

a > b

Self strictly greater than other.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when self is greater, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the runtime types aren't comparable.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(5) > nu.Object(3))[0]

True

a < b

Self strictly less than other.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when self is less, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the runtime types aren't comparable.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(5) < nu.Object(3))[0]

False

a >= b

Self greater than or equal to other.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when self is greater or equal, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the runtime types aren't comparable.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(5) >= nu.Object(5))[0]

True

a <= b

Self less than or equal to other.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when self is less or equal, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the runtime types aren't comparable.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(3) <= nu.Object(5))[0]

True

a == b

Self equal to other by value.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when the values compare equal, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Notes

• Value equality, not identity. Use is_ for identity.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(5) == 5)[0]

True

a != b

Self not equal to other by value.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when the values differ, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Notes

• Value inequality, not identity. Use is_ for identity.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(5) != 4)[0]

True

.is_(other)

Identity comparison: self is other.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when self and other evaluate to the same Python object, False otherwise.

Notes

• Object identity, not value equality. For scalar comparison use == instead.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(1).is_(1))[0]

True

.and_(other)

Logical AND of self and other.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when both operands are truthy, False otherwise. An EMPTY operand counts as false.

Notes

• Short-circuits like Python: the right operand is only evaluated when the left does not already decide the result.
• Bitwise AND is bitand, not this.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(1).and_(nu.Object(0)))[0]

False

.or_(other)

Logical OR of self and other.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when either operand is truthy, False otherwise. An EMPTY operand counts as false.

Notes

• Short-circuits like Python: the right operand is only evaluated when the left does not already decide the result.
• Bitwise OR is bitor, not this.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(0).or_(nu.Object(5)))[0]

True

.not_()

Logical NOT of self.

Builds Bool.

Yields

True when self is falsy, False otherwise. EMPTY when self is EMPTY.

Notes

• Falsy yields True, everything else yields False.
• Bitwise NOT is bitnot, not this.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(0).not_())[0]

True

.bool_()

Cast self to Bool.

Builds Bool.

Yields

True when self is truthy, False when self is falsy. EMPTY when self is EMPTY.

Notes

• Falsy becomes False, everything else becomes True, matching Python's truthiness rule.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(5).bool_())[0]

True

.bitand(other)

Python's & on the values: bits for ints, intersection for sets.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The AND. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Notes

• A named method because & composes flows (Race) on every term.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(0b1100).bitand(0b1010))[0]

8

.bitor(other)

Python's | on the values: bits for ints, union for sets, merge for dicts.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The OR. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Notes

• A named method because | composes flows (Parallel) on every term.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(0b1100).bitor(0b1010))[0]

14

.bitxor(other)

Python's ^ on the values: bits for ints, symmetric difference for sets.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The XOR. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(0b1100).bitxor(0b1010))[0]

6

.bitnot()

Python's ~ on the value.

Builds Object.

Yields

The bitwise complement. EMPTY when self is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(5).bitnot())[0]

-6

.lshift(other)

Self shifted left by other bits: Python's << on the values.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The shifted value. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the shift amount is negative.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(1).lshift(4))[0]

16

.rshift(other)

Self shifted right by other bits: Python's >> on the values.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The shifted value. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the shift amount is negative.

Notes

• A named method because >> composes flows (Sequential) on every term.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object(16).rshift(2))[0]

4

.union(other)

Set union of self and other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

A new set with every element of self and other. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

sorted(nu.run(nu.Object({1, 2}).union({2, 3}))[0])

[1, 2, 3]

.intersection(other)

Set intersection of self and other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

A new set with only the elements found in both. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object({1, 2, 3}).intersection({2, 4}))[0]

{2}

.difference(other)

Elements of self that are not in other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

A new set. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object({1, 2, 3}).difference({2}))[0]

{1, 3}

.symmetric_difference(other)

Elements in exactly one of self and other.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

A new set. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object({1, 2}).symmetric_difference({2, 3}))[0]

{1, 3}

.merge(other)

Self and other merged into a new mapping: Python's dict |.

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

A new mapping. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object({"a": 1}).merge({"b": 2}))[0]

{'a': 1, 'b': 2}

a[key]

Subscript access: self[key].

Builds Object.

Arguments

Yields

The item at key. EMPTY when self is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when key doesn't exist on the runtime value.

Examples

nu.run(nu.Object([1, 2, 3])[1])[0]

2

nu.run(nu.Object([1, 2, 3])[0:2])[0]

[1, 2]

.len()

Length of self.

Builds Int.

Yields

The length as Int. EMPTY when self is EMPTY. Raises at evaluation time when the runtime value has no length.

Notes

• Named len because Python's __len__ must return a native int and can't carry a Nu tree node.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object([1, 2, 3]).len())[0]

3

.contains(item)

Membership test: item in self.

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when item is found in self, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Notes

• Named contains because Python's __contains__ must return a native bool and can't carry a Nu tree node.

Example

nu.run(nu.Object([1, 2, 3]).contains(2))[0]

True

.iter()

Lazy iterator stream over self's elements.

Builds Iterator.

Yields

An Iterator over self's elements. EMPTY when self is EMPTY.

Notes

• Named because Python's iter() / for would loop over the term at build time; the Nu base blocks them.
• The returned Iterator is a stream, not a scalar: loop it with nu.ForEachDo, drain it with to_list() / to_set() / to_tuple(), or pull one item with next().

Undocumented: example.

.has_attr(name)

Attribute presence: hasattr(self, name).

Builds Bool.

Arguments

Yields

True when self has the named attribute, False otherwise. EMPTY when either operand is EMPTY.

Notes

• Named has_attr because Python's __getattr__ fallback here (hasattr) must return a native bool.

Example

class Obj:
    x = 5
nu.run(nu.Object(Obj()).has_attr("x"))[0]

True

Inherited methods

From nu.lang.forms.Form: